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Quality of EIA Reports in Niger: The Importance of Public Involvement and Processes of Alternatives in Satisfying the Quality of EIA Reports | Chapter 09 | Emerging Issues in Science and Technology Vol. 3 Until recently, absence or lack of adequate regulations and expertise in environmental studies’ field, projects executed in Niger were mainly based on technical and economic aspects; leading to unsatisfactory results with negative consequences on the environment. But, since the adoption of the Framework Law on Environmental management and Environmental Code by the Nigeriens authorities in December 1998; taking into account of environmental issues have become a requirement in all social and economic activities. Thus, Niger as other countries is using Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) as one of the Environmental management tools. The EIA process is reliant on the information presented in the Environmental Impact Report (EIR). The aim of this paper is to investigate the qualit...

This paper tries to provide a prototype for cost estimation with fuzzification and ANN, which is a propositional calculus based on functional point of the training data set. These kind of solutions are regardless of mathematical views of the problem and it is useful for such case which does not have precise inputs, for instance in software cost estimation. There are methods in four major categories such as algorithmic COCOMO-II (Constructive Cost Model) model, functional point, analogy, expert judgment, top down and bottom down method which have their own pros and cons. Their merits will be discussed in comparison with the proposed methodology of ANN BP (Artificial Neural Network Back Propogation) and fuzzy logic; in order to achieve their more gain in estimation. It will lead us to know that which method should be used with specific conditions. Author(s) Details Dinesh Bhagwan Hanchate Department of Computer Engineering, VP’s KBIET, Baramati, Pune, India. Mahsa Hassank...