B P International

  The goal of this retrospective study was to highlight intravenous ketamine use in a general practise hospital in Auchi, Nigeria. Case records of all patients who were operated on using intravenous ketamine were collected and significant data was taken for the study from January 1994 to January 2014. A total of 1,370 patients were operated on, including 463 (33.8%) major operations and 907 (66.2%) intermediate/minor procedures. Males (725 [53.0 percent]) were operated on more than females (725 [53.0 percent]) (645 [47.0 percent ]). Side events included transitory hypertension with moderate tachycardia, postoperative disorientation and confusion, emergent delirium, and priapism in 31 people. Intravenous ketamine anaesthesia has been demonstrated to have high clinical efficacy and safety in these patients. Author(S) Details G. B. S. Iyalomhe Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics,Faculty of Clinical Sciences,College of Medicine ,Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. S...

Emerging infectious diseases are diseases whose incidence in humans have increased in the past decades or threaten to increase in the near future. The epidemiological and Laboratory techniques needed to detect, investigate and contain a deliberate outbreak are the same as those used for natural outbreaks. The threat to Nigeria posed by the arrival in Lagos of a patient acutely ill with Ebola was potentially enormous. Six response teams were deployed within the Emergency Operations Centre; 1) Epidemiology/ Surveillance, 2) Case Management/ Infection Control, 3) Social mobilization, 4) Laboratory Services, 5) Point of Entry and 6) Management / Coordination. The strategy group reviewed and approved all of the teams work and needed resources. Eleven patients with laboratory confirmed Ebola were admitted and discharged, an additional patient was diagnosed at convalescent stage while eight patients died.   Author(s) Details Dr. Y. J. Peter Department of Medical Microbiology and Para...

The paper analyzes tropical forest landscape change and deforestation trends in Nigeria. Emphasis’ are on the issues, the environmental analysis of the trends, factors influencing it, and community agroforestry efforts. The time frame and setting for the study runs through the West African nation of Nigeria during the periods of 1976 through 2005 at the national and state levels. In fact, Nigeria was once covered by widespread vegetation comprising of humid tropical forests in the south and savannah grasslands in the north rich in biodiversity. A great percentage of this luxurious vegetation has been cleared by the pressures mounted by human activities with eventual degradation. In terms of methods, the paper uses mixscale approach based on descriptive statistics, temporal spatial analysis and mapping, and photographic images to analyze the trends associated with tropical deforestation. The results show visible changes in the form of large scale decline of Nigeria’s forest landscape...

Classification of causes of market fire in Nigeria is a study aimed at identifying and classifying the causes of market fire in Nigeria from the market users’ perspective. The study considered markets with high commercial activities and they were selected from three major cities, namely Lagos, Port Harcourt and Onitsha. Sixty questions on the causes of market fire were designed and distributed to 1074 shop owner/traders (respondents). The factor analysis method was adopted to streamline the questions into six categories and they were ranked. Results showed that the most common cause of market fire in Nigerian is “general storing” and this category attained a commonality ratio of 0.09284. Other causes of fire in markets included electrical installation which ranked second with a commonality ratio of 0.08071. The third to the sixth in that order are, disposal and knowledge of market locations, market exit points, regulations regarding markets and awareness and fire emergency plan. A d...

Introduction: Public stigmatization of mental illnesses might lead to the internalization of the stigma by persons with mental illness (PWMIs) which might also lead to erosion of self-esteem and negative consequences on treatment outcome. This study assessed the prevalence of internalized stigma and analyzed its socio-demographic and clinical predictors among PWMIs in a sub-Saharan African mental health facility. Methods: Patients with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and severe depression (n = 370) were randomly interviewed at the out-patient department of the Federal Neuropsychiatric Hospital, Maiduguri. They completed the sociodemographic and clinical proformata, Oslo social support scale, and an adapted version of the internalized stigma of mental illness scale (ISMI). Results: A total of 83 subjects (22.5%) met the study's criterion score for high internalized stigma. The independent predictors of high internalized stigma were; poor social support (Odds ratio, OR =...

Background: Preventing new HIV infections among individuals is a major strategy to fight the HIV/AIDS scourge worldwide. In addition to the availability and use of highly active antiretroviral therapy to treat infections, short term treatment options to curtail the spread of potential infection of the virus in exposed individuals has been instituted. The various modes of exposure to the HIV virus and the risk of infection have been categorized with corresponding treatment options. Aim: To evaluate the nature of exposure, time of presentation for treatment, adherence to follow up visits, treatment outcome and identify gaps of treatment procedures in a HIV treatment centre. Study design: A retrospective cohort study. Place and duration of study: The HIV treatment centre domiciled at the Clinical Sciences Department of the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria from January 2006 to September 2019. Methodology: A database retrospective review was con...

Aim: This study elucidated the influence of harvesting height and frequency on concurrent seed and shoots production of the African Eggplant, Solanum macrocarpon L., cv. Igbagba/Igbo. The overall aim was to use the outcome to make recommendations that would enable African resource poor farmers secure the much needed increase in income for improved livelihoods. Experimental Design: The experiment was a three (harvesting heights of 0.04 m, 0.08 m and 0.12 m) by five (harvesting frequencies of 1x per 1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks) factorial treatment arrangements fitted into randomized complete block with 4 replications. There was a control treatment which was harvested at ground level six weeks after planting for vegetative yield estimation and a check which was left for seeding without cutting. Net plot size was 5 m x 5 m (25 m 2 ). Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out between April to November 2004 on the National Horticultural Research Institute (NIHORT) Ibadan...

Aim: The aim of the present study was to assess the predicting powers of different adiposity indices on incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among adult men and women in Uyo Metropolis, Nigeria. Methodology: Three thousand five hundred adult civil servants (1532 men and 1968 women), aged 18 - 60 years, were assessed for incident T2DM using 2011 Expert Committee Revised criteria for the diagnosis of T2DM. Results: Incident T2DM was found in 180 (5.4%) participants, 73 men (4.8%) and 116 women (5.9%). Results of comparison between diabetic men and women showed that body mass index (BMI) and mid arm circumference (MAC) did not differ significantly between groups. Waist circumference (WC) and waist-hip ratios (WHR) of women with T2DM were significantly higher than those of men with T2DM (WC: P =0.001 and WHR: P=0.034). BMI and MAC had equal predicting powers in both genders with odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) as follows: BMI (OR=2.41, C.I=1.728 -...

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the association between academic stress and menstrual disorders among female undergraduates in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Methodology: Three hundred and ninety-three female students of the University of Uyo, aged 16-35 years were randomly selected from different departments in the University, and assessed during the 2009/2010 academic session. Menstrual history and Student’s Stress Assessment Questionnaires (SSAQ) were used to survey the participants. Results: Prevalence of menstrual disorders among participants was 34.6%. Menstrual disorders were found to be significantly associated with academic stress. Students with high level of stress reported various pattern of menstrual disorders, with the most common menstrual disorder being menorrhagia (37.5%). Others were: Pre-menstrual Syndrome (PMS) (33.1%), Oligomenorrhea (19.9%), and amenorrhea (5.9%). The odds for menstrual disorder was twice higher in those who reported ...

Aims: To determine the presence of rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (rVNA) as well the potency of the rVNA in rabies occupational risk humans in Niger State of Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration: Research was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Public Health, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria and Rabies Unit, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC, Atlanta, USA, between May, 2012 and March, 2013. Materials and Methods: A total of 185 human volunteers were recruited from rabies risk occupational groups who filled a structured questionnaire on their previous bite history and vaccination status, between May and July, 2012. A 2 ml each of blood from volunteers was collected and centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes and sera separated into pre-labeled vacutainers. Standard Rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT) was used to detect the presence of rVNA in the sera. Further end point titration of ...

Aims: The study was undertaken to estimate the prevalence and intensity of Plasmodium falciparum infection, in randomly selected areas of north-western Nigeria and to evaluate the efficiency of microscopy and rapid diagnostic test (RDT) in detecting and determining intensity of P. falciparum infection. Study Design: The study was conducted in north –western Nigeria, between April and August, 2013. Methodology: A total of one thousand four hundred and seventy (1,470) blood samples were collected into EDTA sample bottles. Rapid one step malaria HRP2 Rapid test was carried out and  stained in Giemsa and examined by thick and thin blood smears using microscope (X 40 objective ) (Cheesbrough, 2016).  Results: A total of eight hundred and thirty four 834(56.5%) cases were positive microscopically while two hundred and eighty seven 287(19.52%) were positive with the RDT which showed high significance (P<0.05) in the efficiency of the diagnostic me...

This study was carried out to develop transformation protocol for the possible improvement of local cultivars of tomatoes in Nigeria using complete randomized design (CRD). The research was conducted at the Plant Biotechnology Centre, International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria between May 2009 and December 2009. Seeds of three promising farmer preferred varieties of cultivars of tomatoes namely Ibadan local, Ife and JM94/46 were selected and cultivated in-vitro. Sterile cotyledon and leaf explants were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 with plasmid (pOYE153). Transformed plants were analyzed using GUS assay and PCR methods. Results showed that leaf explants had higher transformation efficiency than cotyledon explants in the three cultivars. Ife cultivar had the best transformation efficiency in both explant types - leaf 42.5% and cotyledon 8.89%. Histochemical GUS assay of transgenic plants showed blue coloration in le...

Introduction: Forensic anthropology is a branch of physical anthropology which interacts with other disciplines pertaining to the understanding of crime and its investigations. Many human features have been  used  to  estimate  stature  from  skeletal  remains  and  body  parts  owing  to  the  established relationship between stature and different parts of the body. Aims: The study was carried out to establish standard anthropometric values for stature estimation by using hand length in the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria between January -April 2010.Methodology:A total of 407 right hand dominant students (210 males and 197 females) aged 18 –35 years who were purely of Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba origin by both parents and grandparents, are included in this study. Each person ...

Introduction: Cytology  is  a  simple,  fast,  low  cost,  minimally  invasive  and  sensitive  technique  for evaluating  cells  sampled  from  lesions  in  the  body. Cytology  also  has  the  peculiar  advantages  of minimal invasiveness, low cost and speed. It is an aspect of pathology service at its fledgling stage in most institutions in sub-Saharan African countries. Aims: This  study  examined  the  pattern  of  the  cytology  samples  received  in  the  laboratory  of  a relatively new tertiary hospital in north-central Nigeria. Materials and  Methods: Three years archival slides and records of cytology samples were retrieved and analysed. Results: Cytology specimens were 775 (27.5%) of 2,823 samples  accessioned during the  period. Most...