Subclinical and Adolescent Varicocele | Chapter 18 | New Frontiers in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 7
Normal clinical examination and Doppler Ultrasound imaging are used to diagnose sub-clinical varicocele (SCV). SCV was reported to be present in 10–15 percent of infertile patients. SCV is a prevalent cause of initial infertility and a major cause of subsequent infertility in men. As it advances to palpable clinical varicocele, the presence of sub-clinical varicocele in paediatric children is considered a risk factor. Despite the use of a variety of imaging modalities to identify SCV, Color Doppler Ultrasound is regarded the gold standard imaging for SCV diagnosis, with a sensitivity and specificity of approximately 100%. The diameter of the scrotal veins in supine, upright, and after the valsalva movement, as well as the sum of venous diameter, venous blood flow volume, and retrograde flow direction during the valsalva manoeuvre, are all diagnostic criterion factors for SCV. SCV has a strong influence on spermatogenesis. The oxidative stress theory is the most widely recognised of...