B P International

The circadian rhythm, which also controls the sleep cycle, has a significant impact on human physiology and cognition. Sleep is a reversible, active, and repeating behaviour that serves a variety of physiological needs. Medical students are a distinct group of young people whose scholastic responsibilities and lifestyle can affect their sleeping patterns. The constant academic demand and lifestyle choices among them may be the cause of inconsistent sleep/wake patterns and poor sleep quality. Sleepiness can be an obvious symptom of sleep deprivation, and studies imply a link between insufficient sleep at night and daytime naps, with the intensity of the relationship being quantifiable. The purpose of this study was to assess daytime drowsiness in medical students using the Epworth sleepiness score. The study population consisted of 130 first-year MBBS students who were chosen at random based on their agreement. The Epworth drowsiness scale was used to collect data. Results and Con...

Introduction: Needle phobia, often known as belonephobia in clinical terms, is a kind of blood-injury-injection phobia (BII phobia). In comparison to men, women have a higher sensitivity to experimentally generated pain, clinical pain, and pain-related anxiety. Gonadal hormone levels have a significant impact on pain perception and analgesic response in women of reproductive age. So, the goal of this study was to see if there was any difference in pain and symptoms experienced by males and females after being pricked with hypodermic needles. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal study was carried out in the physiology department's haematology laboratory. A total of 216 people between the ages of 18 and 23 were chosen for the study (120 females and 96 men). On the first and tenth exposures with a hypodermic needle, the participants were asked to complete out a questionnaire based on pain and phobia related with fingerpricking. The pain was assessed using a numerical pain rating...

Aims: To compare the effectiveness of pictorial against verbal materials in memory retention among medical students. Study Design: Crossover randomized controlled trial. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted in Melaka-Manipal Medical College, Muar, Johor, Malaysia in April 2016. Methodology: 38 right-handed medical students of Melaka-Manipal Medical College were volunteers and participants were divided into two groups equally via simple random sampling. One group of participants were to recall pictures shown first followed by words while the other group of participants were to recall words first followed by pictures. All the pictures and words shown were of everyday objects. Data were analysed using Epi Info version 7. Results: There was a significant difference of memory retention between pictures and words (P-value =; p < 0.05) and of memory accuracy (P-value; p < 0.05). For memory retention, both groups were found to have...