B P International

Aims: To demonstrate that potassium ferrate will remove potentially toxic metal ions from contaminated water samples. Study Design: A known amount of metal ions were solubilized in aqueous solution, then exposed to potassium ferrate in known amounts. Extent of removal was monitored by ion chromatography and visible spectroscopy. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Chemistry, Durham Science Center, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha Nebraska 68182 USA. Methodology: Known amounts of iron (II), manganese (II), copper (II), and calcium were solubilized in aqueous solution to known molarity. These mixtures were treated by utilizing potassium ferrate in known amounts. The presence of metal ions was monitored by ion chromatography and/or visible spectroscopy before and after treatment with potassium ferrate. Potassium ferrate was present with metallic ions for 24 hours at 21ºC. Results: Metal ions were placed in aqueous solution, iron (II) as Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2, copper (II) ...

Food production and supply system contributed more than 90% of the nitrogen originated in south Asian megacities that pollute the surface water. Five megacities of three South Asian countries were considered in this study. These countries are developing and their population is increasing tremendously. All the five megacities are very densely urbanized. A numerical model has been used to calculate the anthropogenic nitrogen load on the environment. FAO statistics on fertilizer consumption and food balance data sheet has been used to calculate the nitrogen load. Human waste plays the vital role in nitrogen production of south Asian megacities. So, in these contexts the nitrogen load for all the study areas extremely harmful for environment and ever increasing population also increased the load of nitrogen on surface water produced from human waste which also very awful for the environment. So, a proper sewage treatment facility is compulsory for all the study areas.   Four finding...