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Bone Mineral Density and Serum Minerals in Pre and Post-Menopausal Women: A Comparative Study | Chapter 15 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

 Osteoporosis is a bone disease that causes bone thinning and raises the risk of fractures. It literally means "porous bone," and it causes bone mass and strength to deteriorate. As the illness progresses, symptoms and pain become less common. Although the exact explanation is unknown, it can be avoided. After the age of 35, bone breakdown outpaces bone synthesis, resulting in a gradual decrease of bone mass. When bone loss exceeds a certain threshold, osteoporosis is diagnosed. After menopause, bone resorption (breakdown) outpaces bone production. Osteoporosis is a silent disease that manifests itself only as a decrease in bone density until a fracture occurs. Osteoporosis is one of the most rapidly increasing health issues among postmenopausal women. Osteoporotic fractures are increasingly recognised as a leading cause of illness and mortality among India's older women. The goal of this study was to see if there was a link between serum minerals and bone mineral densi...

Metabolic Syndrome in Postmenopause: eNOS, p22 phox, CETP and ESR1 Gene Polymorphisms Related to Endocrine-Metabolic Changes | Chapter 09 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 1

Aims: To investigate the endocrine-metabolic changes in postmenopausal women with MetS and examine relationship with the polymorphisms of eNOS-G894T, p22(phox)-930 A/G, CETP TaqIB, ESR1 (PvuII and XbaI) genes. Methods: 280 postmenopausal apparently healthy women aged between 60 and 80 years were classified into non-MetS (212) and MetS (68). Clinical, anthropometric and endocrine-metabolic parameters were measured. The single nucleotide polymorphisms were determined and tested for interacting with these parameters. Results: The weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, WBC, triglycerides, LDL-C, TG/HDL-C ratio, apolipoprotein (apo)B, apoB/apoA-I ratio, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA, uric acid,   were higher and HDL-C was lower in MetS group thus   fulfilled the criteria for the MetS. The significant higher levels of E2, T3, GHBP, PTH and lower levels of cortisol, SHBG, FSH, LH, IGFBP1, cortisol/DHEA ratio were also detected. Genetic association stu...