B P International

A simple, rapid and selective liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS) is developed and validated for quantification of propranolol without the sample extraction step in rat plasma using tramadol as an internal standard (IS). The analytes are separated using an isocratic mobile phase which consist of methanol and 10 mm ammonium formate (70/30, v/v) on an isocratic UK-C18 (Imtakt Unison 2.0 × 50 mm, 3 μm) column and was analyzed by MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode using the transitions of respective (M+H)+ ions, m/z 260.0→116.2 and m/z 264.2→58.2 for quantification of propranolol and IS, respectively. The standard calibration curves showed good linearity within the range of 2.0 to 800.0 ng/ml (r2 = 0.999, 1/x2 weight). The lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 2 ng/ml. The retention time of propranolol and IS were 1.12 and 0.939 min which means that it is the potential for the high-through put potential of the proposed method. In addi...

The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants have been approved since 2008 for the prevention of systemic embolism and stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation with prior stroke, transient ischemic attack, or CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2. According to the latest guidelines, if CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥2 for all male patients or if CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score ≥3 for all female patients, oral anticoagulants are recommended, and considering shared decision between doctor and patient. However, they are contraindicated in patients with mechanical prosthetic valve and in patients with moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis and atrial fibrillation. They have also been approved for prevention and treatment of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Dabigatran, a direct thrombin inhibitor, was the first to be approved, followed by the factor Xa inhibitors, rivaroxaban, apixaban, and in 2015, edoxaban. They have advantages such as the use of fixed-dose, with infrequent drug intera...