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Internal Governance Mechanisms: Evidence from Islamic Banks | Chapter 06 | Current Perspective to Economics and Management Vol. 4

The impact of institutional corporate governance on the financial performance of Islamic banks, with a specific focus on Shari’ah Supervisory Boards and corporate boards. The findings of this study indicate that Islamic banks with Shari’ah Supervisory Boards outperform Islamic banks without such boards, as measured by return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), asset growth (AG), and interest margins (IM). Further findings of this study indicate that the financial performances of Islamic banks with Shari’ah Supervisory Boards and corporate boards are influenced by several board characteristics, including the size of the board and the education of the board members. Moreover, Shari’ah Supervisory Boards provide tighter monitoring and control, as well as more advising and counseling, as compared with Islamic banks without Shari’ah Supervisory Boards. Later findings indicate that Shari’ah Supervisory Boards’ affiliations with international Islamic financial institutions motivate th...

Economic Burden of Diabetic Tuberculosis Patients from 3 Malaysian Hospitals | Chapter 15 | Innovations in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 1

Aim: To assess the impact of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the cost of the tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Study Design: Prevalence based cohort. Place and Duration of Study: Penang General Hospital, Hospital USM, and – Univesiti Malaya Medical Center; 2005 – 2008.   Methods: Study patients were placed in the TB only, DM only, or DM-TB groups, with each group including 200 patients. Information related to demographics, chronic disease comorbidity, duration of hypertension (HTN) and DM, and economic variables were obtained from the patients’ medical files both at the beginning and end of the study period. The economic burden of DM-TB patients was assessed from hospitalization periods, frequency of clinic visits, and diagnostic requests. Results: Durations of DM and HTN were 9.2 and 5.6 years, respectively, for the DM only group compared to 5.3 and 1.1 years, respectively, for DM-TB subjects. For both diabetic groups, diabetes preceded HTN, with onset of HTN occurrin...