B P International

The synthesis of new mono-, bi- and tri-heterocyclic carboxylic and phosphonic acid models are attracting the interest of research teams around the world due to the broad spectrum of activity they present. Indeed, these biomolecules constitute a class of compounds active in biochemistry, enzymology, medicine, agrochemical industry, and pharmacology. The Professors and Researchers, members of the Organic Chemistry Laboratory, aware of the importance of integrating the University into its socio-economic environment and of the interest in linking their fundamental research axes to the world of industry, have turned to themes, at the chemistry-biology interface, focused on the search for molecules with agrochemical, pharmaceutical, and therapeutic potential. In addition to these properties, these molecules have several reactive centers and can be involved in different reactions, very important steps in the formation of the organic chemist. This book covers key areas of heterocyclic chemis...

For over two decades, research on the biological and analytical applications of calixarenes and their derivatives has been shown remarkable properties towards organic and bioorganic molecules. Applications in the field of analytical chemistry and biological activity, as well as the anticancer properties of various calixarenes, have been studied and reported by several research groups. Due to their superior geometrical shape, calix[n]arenes structures (with n = 4; 6 or 8) have a special function, moreover, when combined with functional groups, the calixarenes can dissolve well and the low toxicity of the cell and the ability to form stable complexes with metal ion, especially the ability to transport drugs, it is allowed to be applied in the analysis and development of biosensors in fields: Biotechnology and drug discovery calixarene derivatives. The applications of calixarenes and their derivatives are summarized in this review, and future development prospects will be discussed. Au...

Performance in chemistry of form two national examinations in Zanzibar government schools have not been encouraging since 2009 to date despite several attempts made through additional carefully planned instructional strategies and models to improve the status of teaching and learning chemistry. From the performance data of 31 government schools sampled gotten from the Ministry of Education and Vocational Training Zanzibar shows the average mean score is 30.16 with a mean standard deviation of 2.1995 while those who passed are 30 ± 10%. With percentage pass mark set at 35%, performance has been poor and persistent. Conclusively, enhancement of teachers’ effectiveness, improved economies of education and setting aside fewer schools for science studies is mandatory. The study recommends heuristic approach of teaching intertwined with instructional objectives to bring learners into meaningful learning and effective understanding guided by the four domains of Bloom’s taxonomy with more mo...

Cassava is consumed in many tropical countries and is fast becoming the major raw material of many diets, especially in the bakery, brewery and pharmaceutical industries. In a study to determine the effects of various formulations of Cassava feeds on blood lipid profile in rats. Forty adult Wistar rats weighing between 120 and 150 g were divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each. The rats were acclimatized for one week; fed with different formulations of Cassava feeds adlibitum, after which the rats were allotted into groups. Group 1 was fed on Garri; group 2 on Cassava flour; group 3 on Tapioca, and the control group (group 4) on normal chow. After 4 weeks, each animal was anaesthetized by exposure to chloroform vapour and blood samples collected by cardiac puncture. Group 1 diet (Garri) significantly increased HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration and significantly decreased LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentration (p<0.05) compared with the control group. In Group 2 (Cassava flour), t...

This study investigates the concentration of Heavy Metals in soil sample from 15 different locations in Garki area of Federal Capital Territory (F.C.T) Abuja, Nigeria. The soil PH of the sample sites varies on the average from 6.44 to 7.24 in water indicating only a slightly acidic to neural. The level of Cu, Cd, Pb, Ni, Mn, and Zn were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results obtained indicated that these metals on dry weight basis in the soil ranged between (36.60525.0 µg/g) Pb, (15.00-74.40 µg/g) Cu, (17.50-29.80 µg/g) Zn, (0.7-2.20 µg/g) Cd, (16.16-24.60 µg/g) Ni, and (270-558.0 µg/g) Mn. From the results, areas with high traffic density seem to be relatively high in concentration of tested metals than those from less traffic density. A significant correlation was found between traffic density and metal concentrations. Generally, the concentrations obtained were much higher than the tolerable limit for safe environment as prescribed by National Envir...

The conductivity of an electrolyte plays a significant role in deciding the performance of any battery over a wide temperature range from –40°C to 60°C. In this work, the conductivity of lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) at a varied salt concentration range of 0.2 M to 2.0 M in a multi-solvent organic electrolyte system over a wide temperature range –40°C to 60°C are reported. The mixed solvents used were 1, 3-dioxolane (DOL), 1, 2-dimethoxyethane (DME), and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME) with an equal ratio of DOL: DME: TEGDME (1:1:1 by volume). The experimental analysis performed over the wide temperature range revealed the maximum conductivity at salt concentrations ranging from 1.0 M to 1.4 M for equal molar solvents. The optimum salt concentration and maximum conductivity in a different solvent composition ratio (i.e., 3:2:1) for all the temperatures is reported herein. The temperature-dependence conductivity of the salt concentration did not fit...

From experiences all over the world we know that formulae and chemical equations are memorized very often or are equalized by counting the number of „atoms on the left and right side of the equation“. Looking to our Chemical triangle (Fig. 1) lecturers and students are jumping from the Macro level just to the Symbolic level. If we would go first from Macro level to Submicro level and explain chemical reactions with involved atoms, ions and molecules, learners would understand chemistry more successfully. With a special questionnaire we are investigating the ability of university students and chemistry teachers in Indonesia, Tanzania and Germany to interpret given chemical equations with involved particles. We found a lot of misconceptions and proposed how to challenge them. Author(s) Details Prof. Dr. Hans-Dieter Barke Department of Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry Education, University of Münster, Germany. View Book :- http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/book/162