Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoids Extracted from Seeds of Pongamia pinnata Linn against Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus | Chapter 08 | Recent Advances in Biological Research Vol. 3

Introduction: Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is defined as the resistant to penicillinase-stable penicillin’s, thus the acronym MRSA is still under use even though methicillin is no longer the agent of choice for treatment. The use of vancomycin for MRSA remains as the treatment of choice but concerns with rising resistance to glycol peptides call for the restrictive use of these drugs. The resistance mechanism and the genes that mediate resistance have presumably evolved in organism that produce antibiotics such that the antibiotic produced is not effective against the producing organism.

Aims: To assess the antibacterial property of seed crude extracts of Pongamia pinnata Linn and isolated flavonoids component from crude extract against Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus obtained from clinical isolates.

Study Design: Observational study.

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Allied health sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Department of Microbiology in Sri Devaraj Urs Academy Of Higher Education and Research, Tamaka, Kolar, between February 2014 and march 2015.

Methodology: Confirmed clinical isolates for MRSA were collected from Microbiology department to test the efficacy of crude extracts of seeds from Pongamia pinnata L. Methanolic crude extract has been preferably used for isolation of flavonoid content using Dimethyl Sulfoxide [DMSO] and methanol as ideal solvents during extraction process by column chromatography technique. Agar well diffusion method was performed to determine the antibacterial activity of crude seed extracts of Pongamia pinnata and isolated flavonoids by using quercitin as positive control for flavonoids. Vancomycin a glycopeptide powder used as gold standard for comparing bactericidal activity of quercitin, flavonoids and crude extracts of P. pinnata on MRSA.

Results: The highest antibacterial activity (75-89%) was observed in crude extract of Pongamia pinnata in comparison to vancomycin considered as cent percent. Extracted flavonoids showed activity (66-92%) with respect to crude extract and (50-84%) with vancomycin and the activity (71-92%) with respect to quercitin when tested with concentration ranging from 25-400 µg/ml.

Conclusion: This study showed that seed extracts of Pongamia pinnata L and its phytochemical compound flavonoids showed potential antibacterial activity against MRSA using quercitin and vancomycin. Flavonoids occupy the first grade antimicrobials in combating methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus infections. These infections which are prominent in ICU units and HICU units can be drastically controlled without any side effects.

Author Details:

Mary Shobha Rani Inala

Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

C. D. Dayanand

Department of Biochemistry/Allied Health Sciences, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

P. M. Beena

Department of Microbiology, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

A. V. M. Kutty

Department of Biochemistry/Allied Health Sciences, Sri Devaraj Urs Academy of Higher Education and Research, Kolar, Karnataka, India.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/50/400/430-1

View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rabr/v3

A Prospective Study about Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion | Chapter 09 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

Opioids cause clinically significant side effects such as respiratory depression, immunosuppression, muscle rigidity, negative inotropism, nausea, vomiting, hyperalgesia, urine retention, postoperative ileus, and drowsiness. Perioperative opioids are a major contributor to the United States' and other countries' opioid epidemics. Non-opioid analgesics, particularly lidocaine, are becoming more common for perioperative use as a result of this. A total of 185 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group I (105 patients) [fentanyl group] or group ii (80 patients) [opioid-free anaesthesia group]. Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively, and 1.5-2 mg/kg/h infusion for 2-8 hours postoperatively were given to patients in both groups at anaesthetic induction. Intraoperatively, both groups received analgesic adjuvants such as diclofenac 75 mg, paracetamol 1 gm, and mgso4 30-50 mg/kg. If the mean arterial pressure (map)

A Brief Study of Middleware Technologies: Programming Applications and Management Systems | Chapter 15 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

Many platforms, services, applications, hardware, and operating systems are connected through the middleware layer. Because the middleware layer abstracts much low-level complexity and makes applications and software systems portable, it allows disparate systems to interface and function together in harmony. Middleware technologies enable software engineers to swiftly construct software systems and applications, allowing developers to focus on more important tasks. This chapter examines several types of middleware systems and discusses middleware capabilities, middleware operation, middleware's function in cloud-based systems, and the best middleware platforms to use. Middleware systems are widely utilised and can be found in practically any software system or application. Middleware programmes provide as a link between many sorts of systems and protocols. They serve as a mechanism for various systems. To successfully exchange information, it runs on a variety of operating system

Patients’ Perspective of Acute Post-operative Pain Management: A Multicentre Survey of Tertiary Hospitals in Maharashtra, India | Chapter 08 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

When postoperative pain is adequately controlled, patients' satisfaction and patient-related outcomes (PROs) increase. Understanding the patients' perspective is crucial since it supports in the formulation of improvement strategies. Because wrong attitudes and assumptions might block pain alleviation, patients' attitudes and beliefs are critical. As a result, a multicenter study of patients' attitudes, beliefs, experiences, and satisfaction levels with acute postoperative pain management was done in Maharashtra's tertiary hospitals. In addition, the responses were examined to evaluate if the Acute Pain Service (APS) resulted in improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. A 13-item questionnaire adapted from previous studies was used to capture patients' experiences with postoperative pain treatment. The responses of 179 patients are included in the study. The findings revealed that 91.6 percent of patients experienced postoperative pain, with 75.5 percent

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