Bio-insecticidal and Grain Protectant Activities of Mixed Powder of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia amydalina against Callosobruchus maculatus (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) | Chapter 08 | Recent Advances in Biological Research Vol. 1
The bio-insecticidal and grain
protectant activities of mixed powder of Ocimum gratissimum and Vernonia
amygdalina upon Callosobruchus maculatus was carried out. The mortality rate of
cowpea weevil treated V. amygdalina: O. gratissimum at 100: 0 concentrations
were 17.0%, 27.0%, and 47.0% for a period of 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs,
respectively. Concentrations 0:100 gave a percentage mortality of 47.0%, 67.0%
and 73.0% at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72hrs, respectively. 80: 20 and 20: 80
concentrations gave 33.3% and 47.0% at 24hrs and 48hrs, but 80:20 gave 47.0%
while 20:80 gave 57.0% mortality rate at 72hrs. 50: 50 concentrations gave
73.0%, 77.0%, and 80.0% mortality rate at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs,
respectively. The 0: 0 concentrations gave 0.0%, 3.3%, and 7.0% mortality rate
at 24 hrs, 48 hrs and 72 hrs, respectively. The effect on the oviposition of
cowpea weevil revealed that the mean value of eggs laid on seeds were 5.0, 2.3,
3.3, 2.8, 1.0 and 7.0 for 100:0; 0:100; 80:20; 20:80; 50:50 and 0:0
concentrations, respectively. The effects of mixture of V. amygdalina: O.
gratissimum powder on the emergence of cowpea weevil gave a mean value of adult
weevil emergence as 5.3, 3.0, 5.0, 3.3, 1.3 and 8.0 for 100:0, 0:100, 80:20,
20:80, 50:50 and 0:0 concentrations respectively. Mixed powder of V.
amygdalina: O. grattisimun with 50:50% concentrations conferred the highest
bio-insecticidal potency against C. macullatus during the experimental
investigation. This was evident from the fact that treatment with V. amygdalina:
O. grattisimum (50:50%) concentration attained 80.0% mortality at 72hrs of
exposure, which was followed by V. amygdalina: O. grattisimum (0: 100%)
concentration with 73.0% mortality. The results showed that 50:50 and 0:100
ratio compounded V. amygalina and O. gratissimum had 85% and 76% effect on the
insects. The two treatments had similar effect with a significant difference at
P<0.5 mortality. The highest percentage inhibition of reproduction/adult
emergence was recorded at Va50:Og50 treatment. When compared with the control,
all plant material were effective in increasing insect mortality and reducing
oviposition, development and adult emergence thus reducing the overall
population of C. maculatus at 31 days after treatment. The potency of the
combined concentrations of V. amygdalina: O. gratissimum (50:50%) of these
plant substances was due to the odour they produce, which may have exerted a
toxic effect by disrupting normal respiratory activities of the cowpea weevil,
thereby resulting in asphyxiation and subsequent dead; it may also have acted
as contact poison on the weevil. It equally may have ovicidal and larvacidal
properties. It is recommended that similar studies be conducted using
separately other parts of the test plant
like the stem and bark of V. amygdalina and O. gratissimum to further
evaluate their bio-insecticidal potency against stored grain pests.
Biography of author(s)
Dr. (Mrs.) Abo Iso Nta
Department of Zoology and
Environmental Biology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Dr. Bassey Etta Agbo
Department of Microbiology,
University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria.
Dr. (Mrs.) Nsikan Samuel
Udoekong
Department of Science and
Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Ikot Ekpene, Akwa Ibom
State, Nigeria.
View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/rabr/v1
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