Skip to main content

Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device-Related Infection: Updated Review | Chapter 09 | Current Trends in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

In the 1960s, the first pacemaker with transvenous electrodes was implanted. Over the years, there have been advances in technology in this area, with the use of smaller size devices, and with several functions (multifunctional pacemaker). With this expansion of the indications for implantation of these cardiac electronic devices (CED), there was an increase of these procedures and 4.2 million patients underwent implantation of these devices between the years 1993-2008. Besides the association between risk of infection and device replacement, other factors such as male gender, young age, number of procedures, lack of prophylactic antibiotics and multiple comorbidities have also been associated with an increased risk of infection of CED. The risk of infection depends on many factors, including device type and the number of implantation procedures. In addition to significant morbidity, one-year mortality is approximately 20%. Therefore, CED infection is an important health issue. Knowledge of the factors associated with this unfavorable outcome, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment are very important for proper approach. This current review presents all these aspects and strategies for the prevention of infection related to implantable electronic cardiac devices. The main microbial agent is Staphylococcus. Pocket infection is the most common presentation, but endocarditis may occur in up 20% of patients. A high index of suspicion is necessary for diagnosis. Treatment includes antimicrobial therapy and device removal. Prevention and strategies to minimize the risk factors are the key to reducing the rates and severity of infection. With the advent of leadless pacemaker and subcutaneous ICD, this scenario may change.

Biography of author(s)

Rose Mary Ferreira Lisboa da Silva
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Alessandra de Souza Maciel
Hospital das Clínicas, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/23/52/137-1

View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctmmr/v2

Labels

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Greening Regional Airports: A Vision for Carbon Neutral Infrastructure | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

 This study provides an overview of the energy demand of a regional airport, divided into individual time horizons. The electrification of aircraft systems raises the question of whether airports will be among the largest electricity consumers in our infrastructure in the future. Sustainability and especially emission reductions are significant challenges for airports that are currently being addressed. The Clean Sky 2 project GENESIS addresses the environmental sustainability of hybrid-electric 50-passenger aircraft systems in a life cycle perspective to support the development of a technology roadmap for the transition to sustainable and competitive electric aircraft systems. This article originates from the GENESIS research and describes various options for ground power supply at a regional airport. Potential solutions for airport infrastructure with a short (2030), medium (2040), and long (2050) time horizon are proposed. In addition to the environmental and conservation benefi...
Post a Comment
Read more

Occipital Dermal Sinus Tract Causing Craniospinal Infection: A Review | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

  Dermal sinus is a rare congenital condition characterized by a pathological tract connecting the skin to deeper tissues of the central nervous system, potentially leading to severe infectious complications. It arises from a failure in the separation of ectodermal layers during early gestation. Diagnosing dermal sinus tract in newborns requires a careful physical examination, focusing on midline dimples in the occipital region associated with cutaneous abnormalities like hairy nevus or hyperpigmentation. The presence of drainage, abnormal hair distribution, or localized swelling may indicate a sinus tract. Regular examination for dimples or sinuses is recommended for infants and children with recurrent meningitis or infections. Early detection is crucial to prevent severe complications like meningitis, with Staphylococcus aureus being a common causative organism. Neuroradiological studies, including computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with histopath...
Post a Comment
Read more

Alkali Element Modification of Glucose Molecules as a Method to Dissolve Cancer Cells | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

  The present study highlights about alkali element modification of glucose molecules as a method to dissolve cancer cells. The central regulation of the mechanisms governing cell proliferation has little effect on cancer cells. Cancer cells are entirely independent of the central command and divide and proliferate on their own, making it challenging to activate their response mechanism. Precisely, this is the reason why they are at risk to the health of humans and/or any biological entities. Instead of trying to reconnect the central command of the growth control mechanism to cancer cells that are already out of the range, we present a method of using the cancer cell’s own irresponsive and uncontrolled growth mechanism to their disadvantage and destroy the cancer cells. We found that this is achievable in an atomic/molecular level study of the glucose molecule, which is the primary food source used for growth and energy generation by all cells in the body, including the cancer cel...
Post a Comment
Read more