Effect of Cymbopogon citratus Stapf (DC) on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus-induced Dyslipidemia: Current Knowledge | Chapter 11 | Current Trends in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 3
Introduction:
Diabetic dyslipidemia (DD) is a collection
of quantitative, qualitative and kinetic
lipid abnormalities associated with diabetes mellitus that together
caused the lipid profile to become more atherogenic. It
consists of elevated
serum concentration of
triglyceride-cholesterol
(TG-C), a high serum level of small dense low density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (sd LDL-C), low level of high-density
lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and normal to slightly elevated level of total
low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C).
Aims:
Diabetic dyslipidemia is
a recognized risk
factor for coronary
heart disease (CHD). Plant medicinal agents
such as Cymbopogon citratus (C.
citratus) have shown
potential as alternative
therapies for reducing cardiovascular risk factors. The aim of this study was
to investigate the effect of C. citratus leaf extract on the atherogenic index
of plasma (AIP) in diabetic dyslipidemic rats (n=35).
Materials
and Methods: A C. citratus extract was prepared by
ethanol extraction of leaf material. Rats were divided into seven groups (n=5)
as follows: (a) Normal diet control, (b) Hyperlipidemic diet (HLD) control,
(c) HLD + 65 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ)
control (d) HLD
+ STZ +
250mg/kg C. citratusextract (CCE), (e) HLD + STZ + 500mg/kg CCE, (f) HLD
+ STZ + 1000mg/kg CCE, and (g) HLD + STZ + 5mg/kg atorvastatin + 600μg/g
glibenclamide. Animals were treated with HLD for 14 days and then injected
intraperitoneally with 65mg/kg STZ. Confirmed diabetic dyslipidemic animals
were treated intragastrically with
CCE at doses
of 250, 500,
and 1000mg/kg, with
5mg/kg atorvastatin, and with 600μg/g glibenclamide for 30 days.
Results:
The extract, which tested positive for tannins, saponins, alkaloids,
flavonoids, etc. lowered fasting
blood glucose and glycosylated
hemoglobin levels, and
dose-dependently decreased the serum levels of T-chol, LDL, VLDL, and β-HMG-CoA
reductase, while simultaneously increasing HDL levels. The AIP was lowered in a
dose-dependent manner by 33, 43.7, and 52.4% in groups treated with 250, 500,
and 1000 mg/kg of CCE respectively.
Conclusion:
The results indicate
that the C. citrates extract had
an ameliorative effect
on hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and atherogenic index of
plasma.
Author(s) Details
Christopher Edet Ekpenyong
Department of Human
Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Uyo, Nigeria.
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