Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Analysis of Olive Oil Degraded by Pseudomonas fluorescens and Enzymatic Characterisation of the Lipase | Chapter 04 | Recent Advances in Biological Research Vol. 2
Vegetable oils are harmful to the
environment, like petroleum oils they produce similar environmental effects.
Hence, it is a known fact that the olive oil causes the production of large
quantity of olive mill waste (OMWs) as by-products to the environment. These
by-products are harmful to the environment, both terrestrial
and aquatic. Bacteria
are very useful
in protecting the
environment. The lipolytic activities of
physiologically diverse bacteria
have great potential
to degrade oil
spills in the environment. Fatty acids
are the major
components of lipids;
and the physical,
chemical and physiological
properties of a lipid class depend primarily on its fatty acid
composition.There is need for extensive characterisation of the bacterium
lipase for the treatment of vegetable oil-polluted sites. This work was carried
out to preliminarily characterise the lipase of Pseudomonas fluoresens and to
check the fatty
acid composition of
olive oil.Gas chromatography method
can be used
for the identification of
microbiological degraded fatty acids in vegetable oils as methyl
ester.Pseudomonas fluoresenswas screened for lipase production using standard
methods. Temperature, pH, ion concentration (NaNO3and MgSO4), enzyme
concentration, nitrogen concentration, substrate concentration, time
course and agitation
speed were optimised
for the lipase
activity as well
as growth.Crude enzyme of Pseudomonas fluoresenshad the highest lipase
activity and growth of 0.8 U/mL and 1.418 mg/mL respectively at room
temperature, but when production was optimised higher activity 0.9 U/mL was
seen in the use of glucose as substrate.
Agitation with the speed used did not support lipase production
but supported growth
(1.998 mg/mL) at
agitation speed of
100 rpm. Olive oil degraded by lipase of Pseudomonas fluorescens grown in
two different Mineral Salt Medium, was
studied over 25 days. Olive oil was analyzed for fatty acids commonly present
in olive oils which are Myristic,
Palmitic, Stearic, Oleic,
Linoleic, Linolenic, Behenic
and Lignoceric, which
have specific carbon number and
their values in approximate percentage are C14:0 (0.4), C16:0 (14.0), C18:0
(5.5), C18:1 (76.4), C18:2
(3.4), C18:3 (0.1),
C22:0 (0.1) and
C24:0 (0.1) respectively.
Oleic acid percentage is high in
olive oil which contained considerable amount of 76.4%.The reduction of fatty
acid by Pseudomonas fluorescens after 20 days was 8.2% in the media used.
Lipase from Pseudomonas fluorescens had potential for degradation of fatty
waste. It could therefore be employed in environmental cleanup of oil spill
site. Lipase production is generally influenced by the type and concentration
of carbon and nitrogen sources, the culture pH, the growth temperature and the
dissolved oxygen concentration [1].Hence monitoring the result of degradation patterns
of the vegetable oil using fatty acid methyl ester analysis, by Pseudomonas
fluorescens, showed that this organism has great potential for fatty waste
degradation and as an extension in environmental clean up of oil spill site.
Biography of author(s)
Dr. B. M. Popoola
Department of Microbiology,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Prof. Onilude A. A.
Department of Microbiology,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olateru Comfort T.
Department of Microbiology,
University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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