Generation and Analysis of Biogas from Some Animal and Vegetable Wastes | Chapter 03 | Recent Advances in Biological Research Vol. 2
The world relies heavily on fossil
fuels for both domestic and commercial energy needs but there is an
environmental effect of these fossil fuels and as the energy consumption is
becoming very significant as there is depletion of the fossil fuels. Research
has to be in the development of alternative energy sources. The production of
biogas plays an important role in reducing greenhouse gases emissions and
facilitates a sustainable development of energy supply. The process of
production only uses energy from renewable energy sources. Hence, no net carbon
dioxide is added to the atmosphere, making it an environmentally benign energy
source. One of the alternative sources of energy is bio-energy. The common
fuels obtainable from biomass are bio-ethanol and biogas. This study aims at
the production of biogas from biologically degradable wastes by the
co-digestion system and analysing the percentage composition of CH4 and CO2 in
biogas produced. It involves using fruit (peels and seeds of orange, tomato,
cucumber) and vegetable (efo shoko-leafy vegetable) wastes mixed with pig
manure in an anaerobic digester. Thus giving an alternative energy source and
making the environment cleaner by reducing the green energy gases and wastes.
The gas content, therefore, is analysed. The composition of CO2 and CH4 content
in biogas generated were CO2 28.1% and CH4 68.9%. Biogas-generating technology
is a favourable dual-purpose technology at present: the biogas generated can be
used to meet energy requirements while the organic residue is a useful
fertiliser.
Phytochemical screening, proximate
analysis of the fruit waste, vegetable waste and the pig waste were carried
out. The proximate analyses were carried out for carbohydrates using Anthrone
method, Total Lipids Using Bligh & Dyer Method; Crude Fibre, moisture
content, total ash, and crude protein method as described by AOAC (1995); The
high content of the methane obtained is a high indication that the waste
materials used are a good source of biogas generation and can be used to
provide a cleaner environment. Investigation shows that biogas can be
successfully produced from co-digestion of manure with fruits and vegetable
wastes without any chemical added to the system. The quality of methane
composition in biogas and quantity of biogas produced depends on the
composition of materials fed to the digester, fat and moisture content is
important in methane yield. Through anaerobic digestion of fruit and vegetable
wastes, one can avoid the emission of harmful greenhouse gases and make a
positive contribution to a cleaner environment. Production of biogas from fruit
and vegetable waste and pig dung is a major step toward harnessing the least
utilised renewable energy resource. From this work, methane gas has been
produced. The CO2 generated in the mixture can be removed. The methane content
is high, no additional energy was used as the microorganisms were used in an
anaerobic condition, in the generation of the biogas.
Biography of author(s)
E. A. S. Osibote
Department of Chemistry,
University of Lagos, Nigeria.
B. O. Odesanya
Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos State, Nigeria.
G. S. Soetan
Department of Chemistry,
University of Lagos, Nigeria.
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