Genetic Variability of Sugarcane Clones as Affected by Major Endemic Diseases in Ferké, Northern Ivory Coast | Chapter 08 | Advances and Trends in Agricultural Sciences Vol. 1
Background: Sugarcane is a major commercial crop grown in
tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including West and Central Africa.
Across this region, smut, leaf scald and pokkah boeng are considered as endemic
diseases, the first two being economically important.
Aims: The overall objective of study was to contribute to
sugarcane yield improvement in Ivory Coast. The specific objective was to
evaluate the diversity of susceptible sugarcane genotypes mainly in first
ratoon crop to three major endemic diseases under natural infection, namely
leaf scald, smut and pokkah boeng.
Methodology: The study was carried out over 2 seasons (2016-18)
as plant and first ratoon cane at Ferké 1 experimental station under full
covering sprinkler irrigation in northern Ivory Coast. Treatments were composed
of 863 sugarcane genotypes split into 39 families planted at single row
density. Planting was done per genotype in rows of 3 m long depending on
families, without replication and compared to the check variety SP70/1006. That
check was replicated every five rows to ease comparison with the clones.
Phytosanitary observations regarding the three endemic diseases made at the age
of five months were subjected to a series of multivariate analyses.
Results: The study showed that most relevant diseases
determining the diversity of susceptible sugarcane genotypes were, in
descending order, pokkah boeng, smut and leaf scald. Increase in clone
infestations on first ratoon cane compared with plant cane was observed
regarding the three endemic diseases but more importantly for smut by 51%. The
dendrogram deduced from cluster analysis showed that infected genotypes were
split into six groups with same families belonging often to different clusters
so that no family investigated specifically susceptible or resistant to any
disease was determined. In other words, each family investigated was composed
of disease-free as well as susceptible genotypes in proportions varying from
one family to another.
Conclusions: All families investigated were relevant to maintain
the diversity required for the breeding process under way. Examples of
recommended families were the following: disease-free (F02, F03, F04, F05, F06),
resistant (F01, F06, F07, F08, F09), moderately resistant (F10, F11, F12, F13,
F14). It came out from the study that most relevant diseases determining the
diversity of susceptible sugarcane genotypes were, in descending order, pokkah
boeng, smut and leaf scald. Increase in clone infestations on first ratoon cane
compared with plant cane was observed regarding the three endemic diseases but
more importantly for smut by 51%. Each family investigated was composed of
disease-free as well as susceptible genotypes in a certain proportion which
varied from one family to another. Cluster 5 was the most prolific of infected
genotypes with 286 clones (33%) split into 36 families (92%) whereas clusters
2, 3 and 4 were the least prolific ones, with 42, 52 and 56 infected genotypes
split into 14, 23 and 21 families, respectively. Clusters 1 and 2 were much
more associated with genotypes susceptible to smut and pokkah boeng but also
with genotypes moderately susceptible to pokkah boeng. Clusters 3 and 4 were
associated with genotypes susceptible or highly susceptible to leaf scald. In
contrast, clusters 0, 5 and 6 were related to disease-free, resistant or
moderately resistant genotypes and which crosses or families would, therefore,
be recommended for Ferké agro-ecology. Examples of such families were the
following: disease-free (F02, F03, F04, F05, F06), resistant (F01, F06, F07,
F08, F09), moderately resistant (F10, F11, F12, F13, F14).
Author Details:
Yavo Yanick Michaël Béhou
Department
of Research and Development, SucafCI/SOMDIAA, 22 Rue Des Carrossiers
Treichville Zone 3, 01 P.O.Box 1967 Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast, Côte d’Ivoire and
UMRI: Agricultural Sciences and Engineering, EDP/National Polytechnic Institute
(INPHB), P.O.Box 1313 Yamoussoukro, Ivory Coast, Côte d’Ivoire
Crépin B. Péné
Department
of Research and Development, SucafCI/SOMDIAA, 22 Rue Des Carrossiers
Treichville Zone 3, 01 P.O.Box 1967 Abidjan 01, Ivory Coast, Côte d’Ivoire.
View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/atias/v1
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