Skip to main content

Mortality History of Iceland | Chapter 13 | Current Trends in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2

Knowledge of the seasonal variation in births and deaths during normal years is important for analyses of the effects of wars, famines, epidemics or similar privations on these variables. In studies of seasonality, multiple trigonometric regression models are more flexible than the simple sine curve. The seasonal variation in mortality in Iceland, 1856-1990, shows a strong secular decrease, and a connection between this and the epidemiological transition is considered. For equidistant data, the regressor vectors are orthogonal, resulting in parameter estimates that are uncorrelated and independent of the number of trigonometric terms in the models. Comparisons with findings in other European countries are made. The temporal trends in Iceland of the birth components; the twinning rate, the still birth rate and the secondary sex ratio, are presented and compared with the corresponding values in neighbouring countries. No marked differences were emerged. During the first stage of the epidemiological transition the seasonal variation in deaths and births was mainly a result of the living conditions. Therefore, years marked by severe famine or other crises have had strong effects on the seasonal patterns. This can be seen in the data from Iceland during the 19th century. For Icelandic males, one has to include drownings as an important indicator of the harsh living conditions. In the first half of the 19th century, the fishermen had a hard life when they practised their profession and braved the Atlantic storms in the small vessels of that time. Until the 20th century, the sex ratio for the Icelandic population was low relative to the sex ratio for both Norway and Denmark, indicating the greater effect of the fluctuations in mortality on males than on females.

Biography of author(s)

Dr. Fellman Johan
Hanken School of Economics, Finland

Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/23/56/141-1
View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/ctmmr/v2
Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Greening Regional Airports: A Vision for Carbon Neutral Infrastructure | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

 This study provides an overview of the energy demand of a regional airport, divided into individual time horizons. The electrification of aircraft systems raises the question of whether airports will be among the largest electricity consumers in our infrastructure in the future. Sustainability and especially emission reductions are significant challenges for airports that are currently being addressed. The Clean Sky 2 project GENESIS addresses the environmental sustainability of hybrid-electric 50-passenger aircraft systems in a life cycle perspective to support the development of a technology roadmap for the transition to sustainable and competitive electric aircraft systems. This article originates from the GENESIS research and describes various options for ground power supply at a regional airport. Potential solutions for airport infrastructure with a short (2030), medium (2040), and long (2050) time horizon are proposed. In addition to the environmental and conservation benefi...
Post a Comment
Read more

There is No Standard Model of ZFC and ZFC2 | Chapter 03 | Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

In this Chapter we obtain a contradictions in formal set theories under assumption that these theories have omega-models or nonstandard model with standard part. An possible generalization of Lob’s theorem is considered. Main results are: (i) ¬Con(ZF C+ ∃ M ZFC st ), (ii) ¬Con(N F+ ∃ M NF st ), (iii) ¬Con(ZF C 2 ), (iv) let k be an inaccessible cardinal then ¬Con(ZF C+ ∃ κ), (v) ¬Con(ZF C+ (V=L)), (vi) ¬Con(ZF+ (V=L)). Author   Details: Jaykov Foukzon Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Men'kova Elena Romanovna All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements, Moscow, Russia Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/46/221/408-1 View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/amacs/v1
Post a Comment
Read more

Occipital Dermal Sinus Tract Causing Craniospinal Infection: A Review | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

  Dermal sinus is a rare congenital condition characterized by a pathological tract connecting the skin to deeper tissues of the central nervous system, potentially leading to severe infectious complications. It arises from a failure in the separation of ectodermal layers during early gestation. Diagnosing dermal sinus tract in newborns requires a careful physical examination, focusing on midline dimples in the occipital region associated with cutaneous abnormalities like hairy nevus or hyperpigmentation. The presence of drainage, abnormal hair distribution, or localized swelling may indicate a sinus tract. Regular examination for dimples or sinuses is recommended for infants and children with recurrent meningitis or infections. Early detection is crucial to prevent severe complications like meningitis, with Staphylococcus aureus being a common causative organism. Neuroradiological studies, including computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with histopath...
Post a Comment
Read more