Prevalence of Human Papillomavirus Deoxyribonucleic Acid in Cervical Cancer Specimens in Calabar, Nigeria | Chapter 02 | Current Trends in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 2
Aim:
To determine the prevalence of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) deoxyribonucleic acid
in cervical cancer specimens in Calabar, Nigeria.
Study
Design: This is a retrospective prevalence, a cross-sectional study on archival
cervical cancer specimens.
Place
and Duration of Study: This study was done at the department of pathology,
University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, on cervical cancer specimens
between 1st January 2009 and 31st December 2014.
Methodology:
Paraffin-embedded tissue block of all the invasive cervical cancer specimen
received during the study period were collected. Basic socio-demographic data
were obtained from the medical records. Sections of the tissue were obtained
from the blocks, digested using proteinase K solution and the DNA was
extracted. A polymerase chain reaction and DNA enzyme immunoassay (DEIA) was
done. The results of the DNA enzyme immunoassay were read, and the samples were
categorized as HPV DNA positive or negative.
Results:
One hundred and twenty-three cervical cancer specimens were analysed. There
were one hundred and ninety-six gynaecological malignancy specimens received
during the study period, giving an invasive cervical cancer prevalence of 62.7%
among the gynaecological malignancies in the centre. The samples were from
female subjects aged from 32 to 75 years. Their mean age was 48.6 ± 10.6
(years). A majority (86) which made up 69.9% of the subjects was below 51
years. The peak age group of the disease among the subjects is 42 – 51 years.
One hundred and thirteen (91.90%) of these samples were HPV DNA positive while
ten (8.10%) of the samples were HPV DNA negative. The prevalence of HPV DNA in
the samples by age group distribution shows the highest prevalence of 38.6%
from the 42-51 years age group followed by those in a 31 - 40 years age group
(33.3%), 61 – 70 years (16.7%), 51 – 60
years (10.5%) and the age group with the lowest prevalence is >70 years
(1.6%).
Conclusion:
There is a need for the precise pattern of HPV DNA prevalence in cervical
cancer in every part of the world to be established. The fill of this knowledge
gap would help in enhancing the development of strategies targeted at the
elimination of cervical cancer globally.
Biography of author(s)
Godstime I. Irabor
Department
of Pathology, Saba University School of Medicine, Saba, Netherlands.
Dominic Akpan
Department
of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Ontario,
Canada.
Kenneth A. Omoruyi
Department
of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Martin A. Nnoli
Department
of Pathology, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Edoise M. Isiwele
Department
of Surgery, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria.
Uchenna M.Amaechi
Department
of Internal Medicine, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria.
Olukayode Oshatuyi
Department
of Biochemistry, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria.
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