Role of Atomic-Molecular Formations in Chemistry | Chapter 07 | Theory and Applications of Chemistry Vol. 1
An important task of chemistry is to
establish patterns of dependence on the property of substances on its
composition and structure.
That is, any
link of atomic
and molecular formations
exhibit physicochemical properties depending on the given
conditions,expressing structural and energetic correspondence as part of a
material object. Consequently, the task set requires an in-depth study of the
dependence on the micro-macroscopic properties of substances on the nature of
its constituent elements with its specific characteristics as a whole. Separate
consideration of the structural elements of the micro-macroscopic formation of
this system without regard to their interaction, in many cases leads to
a distortion of
reality. At the
same time, substances,
according to the
statements of M. Faraday,
continuously make energy
exchange with the
environment. The analysis
of phase equilibrium carried out
by G. Gibbs shows that the state of the system is described by thermodynamic
parameters (temperature, pressure, volume, chemical potential, etc.), changes
in which determine the conditions
of the process.
The process is
characterized by transfer
of energy between
material objects to create work (chemical, mechanical, electrical, etc.)
and physico-chemical manifestationsin the form of heat, light, etc. Identifying
the mechanism of energy transfer, the nature of energy storage in material
substances is not
well understood. For
the rational use
of different types
of energy, fundamental research
should be carried out, whichrequires specific scientific concepts and
definitions in the field of atomic-molecular formations. In this question,
there remains an inconsistency between individual natural
sciences, as well
as within the
same industry in
the interpretation of
certain conceptual and terminological definitions of matters. “Chemical
individual"represents the elementary lattice of a condensed substance or
the minimum group of"chemical elements"connected in the form of chemical,
metallic, coordination and
intermolecular bonds, which
determine the structure, composition and
properties of this system.The “chemical
individual"defines the mechanism
of macrostructure formation,i.e. is the source ofcertain chemical
information that affects the structure of the final reaction products. The amount
of a substance will allow one to study reactions using the chemical formulas
of the reacting
substances, to compile
stoichiometric and kinetic
equations in accordance with
their "chemical equivalents". A chemical formula is a conditional
notation depicting the elemental composition of a substance with the help of
symbols of chemical elements. Because of the
identity of the elemental
composition of the "elementary
chemical compound" and
"substance" usually the latter
is called a chemical compound, not turning to the micro-macro
levels of material formations.
Author(s) Details
Dr. Bolysbek Utelbayev
Kazakh-British Technical
University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
E. N. Suleimenov
Kazakh-British Technical
University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Utelbayeva Akmaral
Bolysbekovna
State University named by M.
Auezov, Kazakhstan.
Zhangabay Nurlan
State University named by M.
Auezov, Kazakhstan.
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