Early Childhood in Mexico: Historical and Cultural Psychology and Neuropsychology | Chapter 09 | Perspectives of Arts and Social Studies Vol. 2
According to conception of historical
and cultural psychology, introduced by L.S. Vigotsky, early childhood should be
understood as a specific period of development or specific psychological age.
Appropriate ways of care, communication, developmental procedures and
organization of life should be taken into account by parents, teachers and
other specialists. In the reality of Mexican Institutions such aspects are not
always considered as important guidelines for treatment of children with normal
and abnormal development. Only medical and hygiene aspects are normally
respected. The objective of the article is to describe general information
about early childhood institutions in Mexico and to present original proposal
for organization of specialized attention for early development. The authors
present experience in attendance of newborns and young children during first
two years of life in Hospitals and Institutions of the city of Puebla. Special attention is directed to original
proposals for organization of emotional and personal communication between
adult and child in specific kinds of joint actions. Results of concrete studies
with normal newborns and newborns with neurologic risks are included. The
authors discuss the importance of qualitative approach based on the theory of
cultural activity for profound understanding of the significance of early age
in the stream of cultural development and the possibility to creation of
important recommendations for organization of care and life in broad social
context. Finally, it is necessary to express that the present work tries to
provide a new perspective into clinical and educative practices with the babies
during the first two years of life. The concept of functional system becomes
even more significant from the perspective of our research and findings. In
other words, it might be the path for understanding of interaction of different
levels of human activity at the early age: psychological level and the level of
brain mechanisms. It is obvious that the present work shares the opinion that
early stimulation might not be limited to isolated motor exercises. Early
development is cultural from the very beginning and should involve complex
cultural mechanisms from the very beginning. The family in particular and the
adults in general should take the job into their hands with proper
understanding of the essence of cultural development.
Author(s) Details
Yulia Solovieva
Faculty of Psychology,
Puebla Autonomous University, Mexico.
Héctor Juan Pelayo González
Faculty of Psychology,
Puebla Autonomous University, Mexico.
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