Skip to main content

Palm Nut Dimensional Relationship Relevant to its Primary Processing | Chapter 03 | Advances in Applied Science and Technology Vol. 6

This chapter attempts to solve the problem associated with separation of cracked nut mixture to obtain high purity kernels. Palm nuts used were obtained from Ideas Oil mill, Ibesikpo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The nuts were treated as appropriate and experimental data generated. Various models based on the relationship between nut dimensions (minor diameter d1, intermediate diameter d2, major diameter d3 and shell thickness ts) were developed for the Dura and Tenera palm nut varieties. The models were aimed to tackle the following challenges: design of silo for palm kernels and nuts storage; conditioning of nuts to have optimum moisture to enhance the cracking of nuts to release whole kernels, energy and power requirements to effectively cracked nuts to have little or no objectionable damage to the kernels; the separation techniques and methods to obtain shell fragments that could be easier for separation to obtain kernels of high purity. These models developed were tested and validated. The models could be used to aid in the following: design of storage facilities for kernels and nuts respectively; application of energy that would crack nuts to yield  high percentage of whole kernel; determination of optimum moisture content that would enhance cracking of nuts to release whole kernels; application of appropriate operating conditions to enhance the separation of cracked nut mixture to yield kernels of high purity through appropriate techniques/methods coupled with production of small shell fragments that are of comparable sizes with kernels.

Author(s) Details

Orua Antia
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

William Olosunde
Department of Agricultural and Food Engineering, University of Uyo, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

Greening Regional Airports: A Vision for Carbon Neutral Infrastructure | Chapter 12 | Contemporary Perspective on Science, Technology and Research Vol. 3

 This study provides an overview of the energy demand of a regional airport, divided into individual time horizons. The electrification of aircraft systems raises the question of whether airports will be among the largest electricity consumers in our infrastructure in the future. Sustainability and especially emission reductions are significant challenges for airports that are currently being addressed. The Clean Sky 2 project GENESIS addresses the environmental sustainability of hybrid-electric 50-passenger aircraft systems in a life cycle perspective to support the development of a technology roadmap for the transition to sustainable and competitive electric aircraft systems. This article originates from the GENESIS research and describes various options for ground power supply at a regional airport. Potential solutions for airport infrastructure with a short (2030), medium (2040), and long (2050) time horizon are proposed. In addition to the environmental and conservation benefi...

There is No Standard Model of ZFC and ZFC2 | Chapter 03 | Advances in Mathematics and Computer Science Vol. 1

In this Chapter we obtain a contradictions in formal set theories under assumption that these theories have omega-models or nonstandard model with standard part. An possible generalization of Lob’s theorem is considered. Main results are: (i) ¬Con(ZF C+ ∃ M ZFC st ), (ii) ¬Con(N F+ ∃ M NF st ), (iii) ¬Con(ZF C 2 ), (iv) let k be an inaccessible cardinal then ¬Con(ZF C+ ∃ κ), (v) ¬Con(ZF C+ (V=L)), (vi) ¬Con(ZF+ (V=L)). Author   Details: Jaykov Foukzon Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel Men'kova Elena Romanovna All-Russian Research Institute for Optical and Physical Measurements, Moscow, Russia Read full article: http://bp.bookpi.org/index.php/bpi/catalog/view/46/221/408-1 View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/amacs/v1

Occipital Dermal Sinus Tract Causing Craniospinal Infection: A Review | Chapter 13 | New Visions in Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 4

  Dermal sinus is a rare congenital condition characterized by a pathological tract connecting the skin to deeper tissues of the central nervous system, potentially leading to severe infectious complications. It arises from a failure in the separation of ectodermal layers during early gestation. Diagnosing dermal sinus tract in newborns requires a careful physical examination, focusing on midline dimples in the occipital region associated with cutaneous abnormalities like hairy nevus or hyperpigmentation. The presence of drainage, abnormal hair distribution, or localized swelling may indicate a sinus tract. Regular examination for dimples or sinuses is recommended for infants and children with recurrent meningitis or infections. Early detection is crucial to prevent severe complications like meningitis, with Staphylococcus aureus being a common causative organism. Neuroradiological studies, including computed tomography (CT) scan and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with histopath...