Prevalence of Hypertension Stages and the Main Risk Factors in Khartoum Locality, Sudan, 2014 | Chapter 05 | New Insights into Disease and Pathogen Research Vol. 2
Background
Information: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are
number one killer in the world among non-communicable diseases (NCDs). The
principal underlying risk factor for CVDs is hypertension (HTN).
Objectives: To identify the
prevalence of hypertension, the stages of HTN and the related risk factors such
as age, sex, smoking and body mass index (BMI) among the population in Khartoum
locality, Sudan, 2014
Methods: A community based
cross-sectional study was carried out in Khartoum locality during March- April
2014. A total of 948 adult individual were interviewed using structured
questionnaire that was filled by medical officers, house officers and
semi-final medical students. Blood pressure (BP) was measured twice with 5-6
minutes in-between. Hypertension was considered as ≥ 140 mmHg and ≥ 90 mmHg for
systole and diastole BP respectively. The international classification of BMI
was used for underweight, normal, overweight and obesity.
Analysis: Prevalence of HTN and the
stages was measured by descriptive statistics. Multiple logistic regressions
was used to test relationships of age, sex, smoking and BMI with stages of
hypertension, pre-HTN, stage one HTN, stage two HTN, isolated systolic
hypertension (ISHTN) and isolated diastolic hypertension (IDHTN).
Results: More than half of the
population (51.3%) was in the age group 18-36 years. Males and females account
to 44.7% and 55.3% respectively. Overweight and obesity was detected in 59.1%
of the study population. Most of the study populations were non-smokers
(88.8%). Pre-HTN, HTN (stage one and two), ISHTN and IDHTN were 7.7%, 10.7%,
9.4% and 7.9 respectively.
Smoking contributed to occurrence of pre-HTN by 5.7%. It has no contribution to
other stages of HTN. Male sex is the contributing factor for occurrence of
pre-HTN, stage one HTN and stage two HTN, Odd Ratios: 4.555, 8.355 and 6.588
respectively. Overweight contributes to all stages of HTN by various degrees. Age is also a
contributory factor for stage one HTN, stage two HTN and ISHTN.
Conclusion: Prevalence of different
stages of HTN in Khartoum locality was high. Overweight contributes to all
stages of HTN. Age and male sex were not contributing to pre-HTN and ISHTN
respectively.
Author(s) Details
Dr. Asma Abdelaal Abdalla
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Dr. Siham Ahmed Balla
Faculty of Medicine,
University of Khartoum, Sudan.
Dr. Mohamed Salah Ahmed
Mohamed
Faculty of Medicine,
Alneelain University, Sudan.
Dr. Hind Mamoun Behairy
Faculty of Medicine,
International University of Africa, Sudan.
Dr. Naiema Abdalla Waqialla
Fahal
Khartoum State Ministry of
Health, Sudan.
Dr. Dina Ahmed Hassan
Ibrahim
Ministry of Higher Education
and Scientific Research, Sudan.
Dr. Maha Ismail Mohamed
Faculty of Medicine,
Almughtaribeen University, Sudan.
Prof. Ibtisam Ahmed Ali
Faculty of Medicine,
International University of Africa, Sudan.
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