Skip to main content

Heavy Metals in Fruits and Juice of Elstar Apple Variety | Chapter 05 | New Perspectives in Agriculture and Crop Science Vol. 1

The goal of the research was to determine the concentration of lead, copper, cadmium, zinc and iron in the soil of different pH, the degree of contamination in the intensive production of Elstar apples, as well as the impact of soil contamination on the concentration of heavy metals in fruits and apple juice. The stationary research was conducted during 2014-2015 in the fruit nursery Špionica near Srebrenik (Bosnia and Herzegovina).

Along with the standard agro-technology, acidification and calcification of soil were applied, as well as the simulation of soil contamination with heavy metals, on the experimental plot of apple plantations. The concentrations of heavy metals in the soil, fruits and apple juice were measured on an atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Analyst 200) and inductively coupled plasma by optical emission method ICP-OES (Optima 2100 DV) and by standard analytical methods. In tilted layer of soil in the width of the treetop, the heavy metal concentration ranged from 9.60mg/kg for lead, 26.76mg/kg for copper, 34.23 mg/kg zinc and 17852.00 mg/kg for iron. There was no cadmium. After zero soil sample analysis the acidity of sample soil were increased or decreased with ammonium sulfate, i.e. acidification (1.2 kg per apple tree) and with lime, i.e. calcification (3.2 kg per apple tree) and treated with solution of each metal in an amount of 800 mL per tree (10 mL of pure solution mixed with 10 L of distilled water). In soil samples where the acidification were done  average concentration of heavy metals were: lead 12.70 mg/kg, copper 36.97 mg/kg, zinc 61.03 mg/kg and iron 24.00 mg/kg. In soil sample where the calcification were done average concentration of heavy metals were: lead 13.87 mg/kg, copper 38.50 mg/kg, zinc 65.03 mg/kg and iron 26193.00 mg/kg. In Elstar apples grown on demonstration plot, the highest was iron content with an average of 15 mg/kg. The content of zinc ranged from 2.36 to 4.40 mg / kg, with an average copper content of about 0.70 mg / kg while the lead content was 0.41-0.70 mg/kg. In juice, produced from the Elstar apples grown on the basic soil copper content was highest 0.668 mg/kg and that is the highest value recorded from all the values in the juice in general. The concentrations of these heavy metals in the soil before the experiment were below the maximum allowable concentration (MAC) for powdery-loamy soil. After acidification, calcification as well as simulation of soil contamination with heavy metals, there was a noticeable increase in the concentration of heavy metals in the soil, but after experiment concentrations of heavy metals in fruits and apple juice were very low, far below MAC. This research has shown that even with heavy metals in the soil there is no risk to consumers health to consume such fruits and products because coefficient of heavy metal transfer from the soil to the fruits is very low, below the limit values.

Author(s) Details

Emir Imširović
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Besim Salkić
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Husejin Keran
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ensar Salkić
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Ahmed Salkić
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Sead Noćajević
Tehnološki Fakultet Tuzla, Univerzitetska 8, 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

View Volume: https://doi.org/10.9734/bpi/npacs/v1

Comments

Popular posts from this blog

A Prospective Study about Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion | Chapter 09 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Opioids cause clinically significant side effects such as respiratory depression, immunosuppression, muscle rigidity, negative inotropism, nausea, vomiting, hyperalgesia, urine retention, postoperative ileus, and drowsiness. Perioperative opioids are a major contributor to the United States' and other countries' opioid epidemics. Non-opioid analgesics, particularly lidocaine, are becoming more common for perioperative use as a result of this. A total of 185 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group I (105 patients) [fentanyl group] or group ii (80 patients) [opioid-free anaesthesia group]. Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively, and 1.5-2 mg/kg/h infusion for 2-8 hours postoperatively were given to patients in both groups at anaesthetic induction. Intraoperatively, both groups received analgesic adjuvants such as diclofenac 75 mg, paracetamol 1 gm, and mgso4 30-50 mg/kg. If the mean arterial pressure (map)

A Brief Study of Middleware Technologies: Programming Applications and Management Systems | Chapter 15 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

  Many platforms, services, applications, hardware, and operating systems are connected through the middleware layer. Because the middleware layer abstracts much low-level complexity and makes applications and software systems portable, it allows disparate systems to interface and function together in harmony. Middleware technologies enable software engineers to swiftly construct software systems and applications, allowing developers to focus on more important tasks. This chapter examines several types of middleware systems and discusses middleware capabilities, middleware operation, middleware's function in cloud-based systems, and the best middleware platforms to use. Middleware systems are widely utilised and can be found in practically any software system or application. Middleware programmes provide as a link between many sorts of systems and protocols. They serve as a mechanism for various systems. To successfully exchange information, it runs on a variety of operating system

Ethnopharmacological Survey among Traditional Medicine Practitioners in Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire) for the Management of Pathologies such as Malaria, ENT Diseases, Diarrhea, Typhoid Fever and Anemia | Chapter 05 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

 Traditional Medicine Practitioners (TMPs) of Côte d'Ivoire are familiar with the therapeutic herbs. Medicinal plants have been shown to be useful in the treatment of common diseases such as malaria (KROA, 2004) and diabetes (N'GUESSAN et al, 2013) in several studies and scientific study. In the Abidjan District, the current policy is to integrate traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia into the national health system in order to improve population health coverage, particularly in the management of commonly encountered diseases such as malaria, ENT diseases, diarrhoea, typhoid fever, and anaemia. This research aims to increase the use of traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia in the national health system. Over the course of three months, fifty (50) PMTs in the District of Abidjan participated in this study. Plant therapists accounted for 30 of the 50 PMTs polled at the end of the study, or 60%. Traditional medicine centres use 61 types of medicinal plants from 36 famili