Temperature and Elementary Carriers of Heat | Chapter 08 | Theory and Applications of Physical Science Vol. 1
The experimentally determined
temperature of a substance is a comparative value relative to the extensive
property of another system (thermometers, thermocouples, etc.) taken as the
initial measurement standard or reference point. Therefore, the concept of
temperature, which we face at first glance seems to be a very simple value, but
in fact it is a complex parameter that characterizes the state of the system at
the same time on the micro-and macroscopic formations. When considering the
properties of substances at the macro level, as a rule, there are many
difficulties with the interpretation of micro-phenomena, which is due to the
lack of understanding and specific ideas about micro-objects. In turn,
micro-objects are constituent elements of macro-objects. This leads to an
incomplete understanding of the processes occurring in macro objects.
Meanwhile, the micro-macroscopic properties of substances are manifested at the
same time and are combined by quantitative and qualitative characteristics: The
amount of internal energy, temperature, mole, Planck’s, Boltzmann’s constants
etc. At the same time, the value of temperature, which is estimated by
comparing extensive properties of measuring instruments is considered the
result of the chaotic motion of molecules of system as stated in statistical
physics. This work reveals the physical meaning of the concept
"temperature" and describes the nature of elementary carriers of heat
and its relationship to temperature. The calculated energy of the portable "theplotron"
and the mass of photons and "theplotron", which represent a kind of
"electromagnetic particles". These particles take part in the
implementation of the Coulomb electric interaction and prevents annihilation;
are in combination with electrons and the nature of their motion determines the
thermal, optical, magnetic, electrical and other properties. The frequency of
pulsations of "electromagnetic particles" determines the physical
meaning of the temperature and the internal pressure of the system. The pulsation
of the particles creates a standing wave, and their directed collective motion
in a free form represents a seeming traveling wave which is taken as an
"electromagnetic wave".
Author(s) Details
Dr. B. T. Utelbayev
Kazakh-British Technical
University, Kazakhstan.
E. N. Suleimenov
Kazakh-British Technical
University, Kazakhstan.
A. B. Utelbayeva
M. Auezov South Kazakhstan
State University, Kazakhstan.
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