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Control of Huanglongbing (HLB) Disease with Reference to Its Occurrence in Citrus Industry in the World | Chapter 10 | Advances and Trends in Biotechnology and Genetics Vol. 3

Huanglongbing (HLB) disease is one of the most severe diseases of citrus plantation all over the world. HLB has destroyed an estimated 60 million citrus trees in Africa and Asia and more than 40 countries were infected by HLB in Africa, Asia and USA, The HLB pathogens are highly fastidious phloem-inhabiting bacteria in the genus Candidatus liberibacter. The isolate from South Africa, Candidatus liberibacter africanus is considered heat-sensitive and only found in Africa regions. The isolate from Asia, Candidatus liberibacter asiaticus is the most severe strain and widespread. This strain is heat-tolerant and can show the disease symptoms in humid, cool and hot temperature (up to 35°C). The isolate from America has been named Candidatus liberibacter americanus and it was detected in Brazil and Florida. Current disease management strategies focus on vector control to avoid infection within the farm or management of infected trees to eliminate source of inoculum. For the Malaysia case, integrated pest management (IPM) is highly recommended to be adopted to control the disease. The successes of individual or combined approaches depend upon on the infestation level, knowledge and regulation. Basically, in the regions where disease incidence is low, the most common practices are removal of symptomatic trees, intensive monitoring, pesticides application and biological control of the vectors. Preventive and curative measures of infected trees includes enhanced nutrition and plant hormone application by foliar sprays, regulating soil pH, precision irrigation based on the needs of HLB-affected trees. In reality, effective disease control of HLB is still difficult, especially in the area where the disease is widespread, vectors are well established and the hosts are susceptible. In this article, possible HLB disease management approaches are discussed.

Author(s) Details

Dr. Hajivand Shokrollah
Horticultural Science Research Institute (HSRI), Mahdasht Road, Hemmat St. Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran.

Khairulmazmi Ahmad
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
Institute of Plantation Studies (IKP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

Kamaruzaman Sijam
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

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