Eritrea is a country of North Eastern
Africa, areas where sorghum is originated and believed to be the center of its
domesticated. The country bordered on the east by the Red Sea, the south by
Djibouti and Ethiopia and the north and west by Sudan. It has a land area of
125,000 square kilometers. According to Grando et al., (2010), of the total
potential arable land the area under cereal cultivation is estimated as 463,926
hectares (average of 2005-2008).
The major and important field crops in
Eritrea are sorghum and pearl millet. In the order of importance by area in
Eritrea (average of 2005-2008 with 463,926 hectares) are: sorghum (machala1
56%), pearl millet (bultuk 13%), barley (segem 9%), finger millet (dagusha 6%),
tef (tef 6%), maize (offun 5%), wheat
(sernay 4%) and hanfets (mixture of barley and wheat, 1%). Pearl millet
(Pennisetum glaucum) is the most widely grown type of millet and Sorghum
(Sorghum bicolor) native to Africa with many cultivated forms now is an
important crop worldwide. They are the most important crops for both human
consumption and animal fodder ranking after paddy, wheat and maize in the
world.
The crop yield is adversely affected by
several biotic (animate) and abiotic (inanimate) factors. More than 100
diseases caused by different microorganisms have been reported. Among this
downy mildew, smut, anthracnoses are of economically important in major growing
areas of the sub zoba Hamelmalo and zoba Anseba. However the average yield in
the major sorghum growing areas is <0.673 t/ha in Hamelmalo region, while
Sudan (neighbor of Eritrea) one of the largest producers of sorghum in the
world.
The most common reasons for low yields
are drought, pests, diseases and weeds (Striga) wild sorghums and their
intermediates with cultivated sorghum and lack of improved practices
(Tesfamichael, 1999 and Obilana et al., 2002). Seven fungal genera were
encountered in high percent frequencies of seed borne fungal pathogen in
sorghum, pearl millet and groundnut collected from farmers own saved seeds from
Zoba Anseba (Syed et al., 2013).
The common diseases occurred on these
crops are: Downy Mildew, Leaf blight, Rectangular Leaf spot, Anthracnose and
red rot, Rust, Grain smut, Loose smut, Long smut, Ergot or Sugary disease, Head
mould and Phanerogamic parasite (Striga asiatica). During a decade period of
time investigations some of the following diseases have been observed.
Author(s) Details
Syed Danish Yaseen Naqvi
Department of Plant
Protection, Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Hamelmalo, Eritrea.
G. Sethumadhava Rao
Department of Plant
Protection, Hamelmalo Agricultural College, Hamelmalo, Eritrea.
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