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Analysis of Renal Stones by FT-IR Spectroscopy: A Helpful, Simple and Accurate Tool | Chapter 02 | Emerging Research in Medical Sciences Vol. 3

Aims: To investigate, by infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), the chemical composition of urinary calculi obtained from patients of Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Duration of Study: The composition of the urinary calculi was evaluated in a retrospective study from March 1993 to December 2018.

Methodology: Infrared spectra of the urinary calculi were recorded in a Bruker IFS-25 FT-IR, Bruker Alpha-T and in a Nicolet 380 FT-IR spectrophotometers. We included 542 urinary stones (331 from men and 211 from women). The samples were obtained by spontaneous passage, shockwave lithotripsy, ureteroscopy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy.

Results: Calcium oxalate (both in pure or mixed samples) was detected in 396 cases (73.06%). Anhydrous uric acid and struvite+apatite (7.56%) were both observed most frequently, followed by carbonate apatite + amorphous Ca-phosphate (2.58%) and cystine (2.03%). For some chemical compounds, a significant gender-related difference was found. Applying the second derivative spectra allowed to distinguish between the presence of whewellite, weddellite and their mixture. 73% of recurrent urinary stones were of the same chemical composition.

Conclusion: FT-IR analysis of urinary calculi over a period of 25 years gave an outlook of the prevalence of certain stone components in patients from Buenos Aires, Argentina, which in some cases were found to be gender-related. The results obtained are in accordance with statistics from other industrialized countries, except for uric acid (13.61%), even pure or combined in other forms, which was more frequent than the world prevalence (up to 10%). FT-IR spectroscopy combined with the second derivative method of analysis proved to be a powerful tool to discriminate mixed oxalates whose composition only differed in one water molecule.

Author(s) Details

Prof. Dr. Liliana V. Muschietti
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Farmacognosia, IQUIMEFA (UBA-CONICET). Junín 956, 2°P (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Prof. Dr. Viviana Campo DallOrto
Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Cátedra de Química Analítica, IQUIFIB (UBA-CONICET). Junín 956 3°P (1113), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Prof. Dr. Gustavo L. Garrido
Cátedra de Urología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Av. Córdoba 2351 4°P (1120), Buenos Aires, Argentina.

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