FOETAL Organ Implantation into Adult Animals: A Model for In vivo Culture of Stem Cells? | Chapter 1 | Highlights on Medicine and Medical Science Vol. 18

Background: Because of the increased need and capacity to provide these interventions, stem cell implantations are increasingly being developed and used in clinics as an alternative and complementary solution to adult organ transplantation. However, there are significant drawbacks to using stem cells (for instance integration within the recipient organism of engineered tissues and organoids obtained in vitro from stem cells). In vivo studies of stem cell development and evaluation of the host's participation in this process may be possible via foetal organ implantation in adult animals. The goal of this study was to test various foetal organ implants.

Part I: Different sites of foetal organ syngeneic implantation were postulated in over 650 investigations on rats and mice. Implant development was assessed using physiological (electric activity, motor and secretory activities) and morphological (per illumination, ultra sound and magnetic imaging, optic and electron microscopy) approaches over a 12-month period.

Part II: Both oesophageal circular defect and heart thermic lesion repair were tested in the unborn heart and digestive organs (38 and 29 rats). In rats with diabetes induced by Streptozotocin and/or protein deficiency, as well as a small pilot group of diabetic individuals, trials with foetal pancreas implantation were conducted.

Part I: Following a "dedifferentiation" phase, foetal organ implants might grow in an ontogenetic pattern, but some of them were unable to re-organize as a fully functional adult organ, at least in our experimental conditions. The factors that help or hinder organoid production are examined.

Part II: Foetal heart implants have been shown to improve the morphological and functional healing of heart lesions. After oval or segmental excision, foetal oesophagus, stomach, or intestine fragments were joined with chitosan flaps to ensure a full repair of the oesophageal wall. Following protein deprivation in rats, foetal pancreas implantation was able to correct Streptozotocin-induced diabetes and prevent chronic glucose problems. A brief beneficial effect was observed in patients.

Conclusion: Implanting various foetal organs into syngeneic adults could provide a useful paradigm for theoretical research of in vivo stem cell differentiation and organoid growth. The location of the ear implant requires considerable attention. There are some intriguing applications that should be studied and developed.

Author (S) Details

V. P. Coulic
Translational Medicine Laboratory of the Brussels Free University, Brussels Belgium.

V. N. Novikov
Translational Medicine Laboratory of the Brussels Free University, Brussels Belgium and NV Sklifosovski Research Institute of Emergency Medicine, Moscow Russia.

F. Mboti
Translational Medicine Laboratory of the Brussels Free University, Brussels Belgium and CHU Brugmann: Department of Thoracic, Endoscopic and Abdominal Surgery, Brussels, Belgium.

P. Delrée
Institute of Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies Belgium.

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