Studies on Optimization of Papain Hydrolysis Conditions for Release of Glycosaminoglycans from the Chicken Keel Cartilage | Chapter 12 | New Visions in Science and Technology Vol. 1

The goal of this study was to find the best papain hydrolysis conditions for getting glycosaminoglycans from chicken keel cartilages (pH, E/S ratio, incubation temperature, and hydrolysis time). Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are natural biocompounds found in sharks, pigs, cows, chickens, and other animals that combine to generate cartilage tissuses. They can be extracted from shark, pig, cow, chicken, and other animal cartilage. GAGs contain chondroitin sulphate (CS), a functional food supplement that is used to prevent and treat arthritis and eye disorders. As a result, GAGs were extracted from byproducts of the cattle and poultry slaughter industries in order to determine the CS cont. Response surface approach was used to find the best hydrolysis conditions in this investigation (RSM). pH (x1), enzyme concentration (x2), incubation temperature (x3), and hydrolysis duration were the independent variables (x4). The variables had a substantial impact on the content of GAGs, according to the results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA). pH 7.1, 0.62 percent enzyme per substance w/wpo, 65°C, and a hydrolysis period of 230 minutes were found to be the optimal hydrolysis conditions, with GAG content reaching 14.3 percent of the dry matter of the raw material. According to HPLC analysis, 56.17 percent of the dry preparations of GAGs, which were made up of CS compounds, accounted for 8.11 percent of the dry matter in chicken keel cartilage. The dried GAGs preparations had a molecular weight of 259.6 kDa. Moisture 12.2 percent, protein 8.42 percent, fat 0 percent, ash 10.03 percent, and extracted GAGs 69.35 percent made up the dry preparations. Papain was utilised to hydrolyze chicken keel cartilage in this study. RSM used Mode 5.0 software to tune the hydrolysis conditions. This article helps to create a product that is healthy, high-quality, and low-cost.

Author (S) Details

Nguyen Thi Le Vien
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10th, Vietnam and Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Pham Bao Nguyen
Center for Post-Harvest Technology, School of Agriculture and Aquaculture, Tra Vinh University, 126 Nguyen Thien Thanh, Ward 5, Tra Vinh, Vietnam.

Lam Duc Cuong
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10th, Vietnam and Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Trinh Thi Thua An
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10th, Vietnam and Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

Dong Thi Anh Dao
Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Department of Food Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Street, District 10th, Vietnam and Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh city, Linh Trung Ward, Thu Duc District, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

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A Prospective Study about Safety and Efficacy of Perioperative Lidocaine Infusion | Chapter 09 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

Opioids cause clinically significant side effects such as respiratory depression, immunosuppression, muscle rigidity, negative inotropism, nausea, vomiting, hyperalgesia, urine retention, postoperative ileus, and drowsiness. Perioperative opioids are a major contributor to the United States' and other countries' opioid epidemics. Non-opioid analgesics, particularly lidocaine, are becoming more common for perioperative use as a result of this. A total of 185 adult patients were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group I (105 patients) [fentanyl group] or group ii (80 patients) [opioid-free anaesthesia group]. Lidocaine 1.5 mg/kg bolus followed by 1.5 mg/kg/h infusion intraoperatively, and 1.5-2 mg/kg/h infusion for 2-8 hours postoperatively were given to patients in both groups at anaesthetic induction. Intraoperatively, both groups received analgesic adjuvants such as diclofenac 75 mg, paracetamol 1 gm, and mgso4 30-50 mg/kg. If the mean arterial pressure (map)

A Brief Study of Middleware Technologies: Programming Applications and Management Systems | Chapter 15 | Novel Research Aspects in Mathematical and Computer Science Vol. 1

Many platforms, services, applications, hardware, and operating systems are connected through the middleware layer. Because the middleware layer abstracts much low-level complexity and makes applications and software systems portable, it allows disparate systems to interface and function together in harmony. Middleware technologies enable software engineers to swiftly construct software systems and applications, allowing developers to focus on more important tasks. This chapter examines several types of middleware systems and discusses middleware capabilities, middleware operation, middleware's function in cloud-based systems, and the best middleware platforms to use. Middleware systems are widely utilised and can be found in practically any software system or application. Middleware programmes provide as a link between many sorts of systems and protocols. They serve as a mechanism for various systems. To successfully exchange information, it runs on a variety of operating system

Patients’ Perspective of Acute Post-operative Pain Management: A Multicentre Survey of Tertiary Hospitals in Maharashtra, India | Chapter 08 | New Horizons in Medicine and Medical Research Vol. 8

When postoperative pain is adequately controlled, patients' satisfaction and patient-related outcomes (PROs) increase. Understanding the patients' perspective is crucial since it supports in the formulation of improvement strategies. Because wrong attitudes and assumptions might block pain alleviation, patients' attitudes and beliefs are critical. As a result, a multicenter study of patients' attitudes, beliefs, experiences, and satisfaction levels with acute postoperative pain management was done in Maharashtra's tertiary hospitals. In addition, the responses were examined to evaluate if the Acute Pain Service (APS) resulted in improved patient outcomes and satisfaction. A 13-item questionnaire adapted from previous studies was used to capture patients' experiences with postoperative pain treatment. The responses of 179 patients are included in the study. The findings revealed that 91.6 percent of patients experienced postoperative pain, with 75.5 percent

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