B P International

Atmospheric dispersion characterizes the evolution in time and space of an ensemble of pollutants (aerosols, gases, dust, etc.) emitted into the atmosphere. Atmospheric dispersion phenomenon is influenced by different atmospheric conditions, soil and relief parameters and emission values. The atmospheric dispersion model is the mathematical simulation of how air pollutants disperse. Such models are used to estimate the concentration of air pollutants emitted from industrial activity, domestic, rural and diffuse sources. The paper presents the variety of atmospheric dispersion models on concentrations of SO 2 and NO 2 made according to the time variation of meteorological parameters (atmospheric pressure, relative humidity, rainfall, wind speed, solar radiation, etc.) specific to the Maramureș area, in particular to the Baia Mare Urban System area. The results had been correlated between specific climatic factors with the pollution of the atmosphere, referred to data monthly a...

Intestinal helminthes are associated with the reduction in the level of haemoglobin. This abnormal reduction in haemoglobin results in anemia. The study determined the prevalence of parasitic infection and its relationship with haemoglobin level among primary school children in Sokoto metropolis. Stool and blood samples were collected from 224 children from some selected primary schools in Sokoto Metropolis. The stool specimens were examined for parasites by both macroscopic and microscopic methods (saline and wet iodine mount, and formol-ether concentration) while haemoglobin concentration in the blood sample was estimated using hemocue hemoglobin method. A prevalence rate of 8.5% was seen among the children sampled. Hookworm had the highest prevalence of 3.1%, followed by Hymenolepis nana (1.8%). Ascaris lumbricoides had a prevalence of 1.3%, Schistosoma mansoni (0.9%) and Strongyloides stercoralis (0.4%). 0.9% showed mixed infection with H. nana and Hookworm. Children within the ...

This chapter consists of the earlier study of shot put where A.V. Hill’s force-velocity relationship was transformed into a constant maximum power model consisting of three different components of power. In addition, the braking phase of the arm rotation movement was examined where Hill’s equation was applied for accelerated motions. Hill’s force-velocity relationship was tested by fitting it into two arm push measurements of shot put experiments and one braking phase of whole arm rotation. Theoretically derived equation for accelerated motions was in agreement with the measured data of shot put experiments and the braking phase of the whole arm rotation experiment. Maximum power in these experiments was also tested by three different equations and two of them seemed to function well. The progress of movement in the studied experiments was concluded to be as follows: 1) the state of low speed and maximal acceleration which applies to the hypothesis of constant force, 2) the state of...

The desirable characteristics of fuel briquettes are that they remain solid until they have served their function and also performed well as a fuel. The first aspect which is related to its physical and mechanical properties is mainly a function of the quality of the densification process for a given raw material. This paper reports the findings of a study on the effect of species, particle size and compacting pressure on impact resistance index and water resistance quality of fuel briquettes. Briquettes were compacted at room temperature using compacting pressure levels of 10 to 50 MPa. The briquetting process and physical properties test were conducted using standard laboratory procedures. Results indicate that species, compacting pressure and particle size of sawdust at 5% level of significance have significant effect on the impact resistance index and water resistance quality of briquettes. Additionally, compacting pressure of 40 MPa was adequate to produce briquettes with good ...

This chapter attempts to solve the problem associated with separation of cracked nut mixture to obtain high purity kernels. Palm nuts used were obtained from Ideas Oil mill, Ibesikpo, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. The nuts were treated as appropriate and experimental data generated. Various models based on the relationship between nut dimensions (minor diameter d 1 , intermediate diameter d 2 , major diameter d 3 and shell thickness t s ) were developed for the Dura and Tenera palm nut varieties. The models were aimed to tackle the following challenges: design of silo for palm kernels and nuts storage; conditioning of nuts to have optimum moisture to enhance the cracking of nuts to release whole kernels, energy and power requirements to effectively cracked nuts to have little or no objectionable damage to the kernels; the separation techniques and methods to obtain shell fragments that could be easier for separation to obtain kernels of high purity. These models developed were tested a...

The study was carried out to appraise tomato value chain in order to promote the development of tomato production and processing industry in Nigeria. Currently in Nigeria, about 1.8 Million tonnes of fresh tomato are produced per year, but over 50% of these are lost due to poor storage system, poor transportation and lack of processing enterprises. This makes it important to develop strategies for the development of tomato value chain. The method employed in this study includes semi-structured informal interviews with key value chain actors such as producers, intermediate traders, retailers and input suppliers and a critical review of available literature. The study revealed that there are good varieties of tomatoes in Nigeria, but only a few are suitable for industrial processing with regard to quantity and quality. The research also revealed that Nigeria is still not a major exporter of either fresh or processed tomato products despite the high production of fresh tomatoes. This w...

The two major technical challenges facing widespread deployment of microgrids are the impacts of microsources and active loads on control instruments and protective devices. Classical protective devices operate through detection and response. Detection is performed by measuring parameters of the system and comparing with set values. Response is performed through isolation of faulted segment if the result of comparison dictates isolation. These classical protective devices as well as modified classical devices reported in literature malfunction under complex operating conditions of microgrids that have multiple controls regimes and are capable of grid interconnection and islanding. In this book chapter, a quad-variable rule-based relay is described. The relay meets both plug-and-play and peer-to-peer requirements of microgrids. The interaction of four critical parameters of complex microgrids is modeled using fuzzy rule. Using the rules, sub-controllers are designed for microsource a...